Internal Medicine Pathologies

Understanding Pulmonary Embolism: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Understanding Pulmonary Embolism: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

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Introduction Pulmonary embolism is a potentially life-threatening condition that occurs when a blood clot, usually originating in the legs or pelvis, travels to the lungs and blocks a pulmonary artery or one of its branches. This blockage can reduce or block blood flow to the lungs, causing symptoms ranging from mild shortness of breath to …

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Acute Coronary Syndrome: Types, Diagnosis, Causes, Risk Factors, and Treatment Options

Acute Coronary Syndrome: Types, Diagnosis, Causes, Risk Factors, and Treatment Options

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Introuction Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a term used to describe a range of cardiovascular conditions that are caused by the sudden blockage of a coronary artery. The blockage can be caused by a blood clot or the buildup of plaque in the artery walls, leading to a lack of blood flow to the heart …

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Stable Angina: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Stable Angina: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment

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Introduction Angina is a common condition that affects millions of people around the world. It is a type of chest pain that occurs when the heart doesn’t receive enough blood and oxygen. Angina can be classified into two main types: stable angina and unstable angina. In this article, we will focus on stable angina and …

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Subconjunctival Hemorrhage: Understanding the Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

Subconjunctival Hemorrhage: Understanding the Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

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Introduction Subconjunctival hemorrhage, also known as eye bleeding or subconjunctival bleeding, is a medical condition that occurs when small blood vessels rupture and bleed underneath the conjunctiva, the transparent membrane that covers the sclera, the white part of the eye. This condition is relatively common and usually harmless, but it can cause discomfort and anxiety. …

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Trachoma: A Blinding Infectious Disease; causes, symptoms and treatment

Trachoma: A Blinding Infectious Disease; causes, symptoms and treatment

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Introduction Trachoma is a bacterial eye infection caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, which leads to inflammation of the conjunctiva and cornea. This disease is the leading cause of preventable blindness worldwide and primarily affects people in poor communities with limited access to water, sanitation, and healthcare facilities. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), around 142 …

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Conjunctivitis: Understanding the Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment of the "Pink Eye"

Conjunctivitis: Understanding the Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment of the “Pink Eye”

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Introduction Conjunctivitis, commonly known as “pink eye,” is an inflammation of the conjunctiva, the thin and transparent tissue that lines the inner surface of the eyelids and the white part of the eye. This condition affects millions of people every year, from infants to older adults, and can be caused by various factors, such as …

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Sickle cell disease (SCD): Symptoms Causes and Treatment Options

Sickle cell disease (SCD): Symptoms Causes and Treatment Options

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Introduction Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetic blood disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. It is a hereditary condition that affects the red blood cells (RBCs), causing them to become misshapen and rigid, and as a result, the cells become stuck in blood vessels, causing blockages that can lead to severe pain and …

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Understanding Essential Hypertension: causes and management

Understanding Essential Hypertension: causes and management

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Introduction Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, is a common condition that affects millions of people worldwide. Essential hypertension, also called primary hypertension, is a type of hypertension that has no identifiable cause. This condition can lead to serious health complications if left untreated. In this article, we will explore essential hypertension, its causes, …

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